| Classwise Additional Science Questions with Solutions (Class 6th to 10th) | ||||||||||||||
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| Classwise Additional Science Questions with Solutions (Class 11th) | ||||||||||||||
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| Classwise Additional Science NCERT Questions with Solutions (Class 12th) | ||||||||||||||
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Class 11th Physics Additional Questions
1. Physical World
This chapter serves as an introduction to the vast discipline of physics. It explores the scope and excitement of the subject, highlighting its connection to technology and its impact on society. A key focus is on the four fundamental forces of nature—gravitational, electromagnetic, strong nuclear, and weak nuclear forces. The chapter also discusses the core philosophical aims of physics, such as the quest for unification and reductionism, which seek to explain the complex physical world through a set of universal laws. To deepen your appreciation for the subject, this section provides additional short and long answer type questions beyond those in the NCERT and Exemplar books.
2. Units And Measurements
This chapter establishes the language of physics: precise measurement. It introduces the concepts of physical quantities, the International System of Units (SI), and the importance of consistency in measurement. A powerful technique, dimensional analysis, is taught for checking the correctness of equations and deriving physical relationships. The chapter also provides a thorough treatment of errors in measurement, accuracy, precision, and the rules for handling significant figures in calculations, which are essential skills for any experimental science. To reinforce these foundational skills, this section offers a variety of extra short and long answer questions for practice.
3. Motion In A Straight Line
This chapter introduces kinematics by focusing on the simplest form of motion—rectilinear motion. It defines fundamental concepts like distance, displacement, speed, velocity, and acceleration. The chapter extensively uses graphical analysis, teaching how to interpret position-time and velocity-time graphs. A central part of the chapter is the derivation and application of the three equations of motion for uniformly accelerated motion: $v = u + at$, $s = ut + \frac{1}{2}at^2$, and $v^2 = u^2 + 2as$. A collection of supplementary short and long answer questions is provided here to master problem-solving in kinematics.
4. Motion In A Plane
This chapter extends the study of motion to two dimensions. It begins by introducing vectors and the rules of vector algebra, which are essential for describing motion in a plane. This framework is then applied to analyze two key types of motion: Projectile Motion, the parabolic path of an object moving under gravity, and Uniform Circular Motion, which involves a constant speed but a continuously changing velocity, resulting in a centripetal acceleration ($a_c = v^2/r$). This section contains additional questions to help you master vector analysis and its applications.
5. Laws Of Motion
This chapter delves into the cause of motion by presenting Newton's Three Laws of Motion. The First Law defines inertia, the Second Law provides the quantitative relationship $\vec{F} = m\vec{a}$, and the Third Law describes the action-reaction principle. The chapter introduces the crucial concept of linear momentum ($\vec{p} = m\vec{v}$) and the Law of Conservation of Linear Momentum. These principles are applied to analyze various real-world scenarios, including friction and the dynamics of connected bodies. To test your understanding of these fundamental laws, solve the additional short and long answer type questions available here.
6. Work, Energy And Power
This chapter defines the interconnected concepts of work, energy, and power. Work is defined as the product of force and displacement. Energy is introduced as the capacity to do work, with a focus on Kinetic Energy (energy of motion, $K = \frac{1}{2}mv^2$) and Potential Energy (stored energy). The Work-Energy Theorem and the Law of Conservation of Energy are central themes. Power is defined as the rate at which work is done. The chapter also discusses elastic and inelastic collisions. To explore these energy concepts further, a set of additional short and long answer questions is available in this section.
7. System Of Particles And Rotational Motion
This chapter extends the principles of mechanics from single particles to extended bodies, introducing rotational motion. It defines the center of mass and explains its motion. Key rotational concepts are introduced as analogues to linear motion: torque is the rotational equivalent of force, moment of inertia corresponds to mass, and angular momentum corresponds to linear momentum. The chapter covers the kinematics and dynamics of rotation and establishes the powerful principle of conservation of angular momentum. This section provides extra questions to practice these complex concepts.
8. Gravitation
This chapter is dedicated to the study of gravitation, the universal force of attraction between masses. It is centered around Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation ($F = G\frac{m_1 m_2}{r^2}$). The chapter explains the acceleration due to gravity ($g$) and its variations, gravitational potential energy, escape speed, and the orbital motion of satellites. It also provides a connection between Newton's law and Kepler's laws of planetary motion, offering a comprehensive view of celestial mechanics. A set of supplementary short and long answer questions is provided here for practice.
9. Mechanical Properties Of Solids
This chapter explores how solid materials behave under the action of external forces. It introduces the key concepts of stress (force per area) and strain (fractional deformation). The relationship between them is described by Hooke's Law and quantified by different moduli of elasticity (Young's, Shear, and Bulk). The stress-strain curve is used to characterize the elastic and plastic behaviour of materials, defining properties like the elastic limit and tensile strength. A collection of additional questions is provided here to reinforce your understanding of the properties of materials.
10. Mechanical Properties Of Fluids
This chapter covers the physics of fluids. It is divided into fluid statics and fluid dynamics. Statics deals with fluids at rest, covering concepts like pressure, Pascal's Law, and buoyancy as described by Archimedes' Principle. Dynamics deals with flowing fluids, introducing Bernoulli's principle, which is a statement of energy conservation for fluid flow. The chapter also discusses real fluid properties like viscosity and surface tension. To test your knowledge on these fluid mechanics concepts, this section offers extra short and long answer questions.
11. Thermal Properties Of Matter
This chapter explores the effects of heat on matter. It defines temperature and heat and discusses thermal expansion. Key concepts like specific heat capacity and latent heat are introduced to quantify the energy involved in temperature changes and phase transitions. A major focus is on the three modes of heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation. The chapter provides a detailed description of each process, including laws like Newton's law of cooling. A variety of additional questions are available here to deepen your understanding of heat transfer.
12. Thermodynamics
This chapter lays down the fundamental laws governing heat and its conversion to other forms of energy. The First Law of Thermodynamics is presented as a statement of energy conservation for thermal systems. The chapter describes various thermodynamic processes (isothermal, adiabatic, etc.). The Second Law of Thermodynamics introduces the concept of entropy and sets the direction for natural processes, explaining the operation of heat engines and refrigerators and their efficiency limitations. To master these fundamental laws, solve the supplementary questions provided here.
13. Kinetic Theory
This chapter provides a microscopic model to explain the macroscopic properties of gases. The Kinetic Theory of Gases is based on a set of assumptions about gas molecules being in continuous random motion. This theory successfully explains the gas laws and provides a molecular interpretation of pressure and temperature, showing that temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules. It introduces the Law of Equipartition of Energy to explain the specific heat capacities of gases. To test your grasp of this molecular model, this section contains additional questions.
14. Oscillations
This chapter provides a detailed analysis of oscillatory motion, with a special focus on Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM). SHM is characterized by a restoring force that is directly proportional to the displacement ($F = -kx$). The chapter describes the kinematics of SHM, defining terms like amplitude, frequency, and phase. It analyzes the energy transformations in SHM and discusses classic examples like the mass-spring system and the simple pendulum. To practice the mathematics and concepts of oscillations, solve the additional short and long answer questions available here.
15. Waves
This chapter introduces wave motion as a mechanism for energy transfer. It distinguishes between transverse and longitudinal waves and describes the mathematical form of a travelling wave. The principle of superposition is a central theme, used to explain phenomena like interference, the formation of standing waves, and beats. The chapter also discusses the reflection of waves and the Doppler effect, the apparent change in frequency due to relative motion. To enhance your understanding of wave phenomena, a collection of additional questions is provided in this section.